DIRECTORS & MEMBERS OF THE BOARD

Dr. James G. Apple, Chairman of the Board and founding Director - Former Chief, Interjudicial Affairs Office, United States Federal Judicial Center. During his nine and one-half year tenure at the Federal Judicial Center, Dr. Apple directed or co-directed more than 50 seminars and hundreds of briefings for judges and legal officials from 152 countries, in addition to his other duties. He has published numerous articles for both U.S. and foreign publications on judges, courts and court administration and has lectured on those subjects at judicial training institutes and universities outside of the United States. Before coming to Washington in 1990, Dr. Apple was a practicing trial lawyer in the Commonwealth of Kentucky for 25 years. He is a Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers, a member of the American Law Institute, and holds the rank of Advocate with the American Board of Trial Advocates. He has a B.A. with honors in philosophy from the University of Virginia, a J.D. from the University of Virginia Law School, where he was an editor of the Virginia Law Review, and a Master of Laws (LL.M.) in international and comparative law from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. He was awarded first prize in the British Red Cross national essay competition on international humanitarian law in 1990 for which he received short residential fellowships at the Henri Dunant Institute in Geneva, Switzerland and the Institute of International Humanitarian Law in San Remo, Italy. He is co-author of A Primer on the Civil Law System and Manual for Cooperation Between State and Federal Courts, both published by the Federal Judicial Center.

Hon. John W. Kern III, Vice Chairman of the Board and Director - Senior Judge, Court of Appeals of the District of Columbia. Judge Kern is the founder and Chairman of the Judiciary Leadership Development Council, a Washington, DC non-profit organization devoted to judicial education. He was Dean of the National Judicial College in Reno, Nevada from 1984-1987. He is also the founder and Director of the annual Harold R. Medina Seminar on Science and the Humanities for State and Federal Judges at Princeton University. He was appointed a judge on the District of Columbia Court of Appeals in 1968. Before assuming his duties on the bench, Judge Kern was an Assistant United States Attorney in Washington, a Section Chief in the Criminal Division of the United States Department of Justice, and Director of the Executive Office of United States Attorneys in the Justice Department. Judge Kern has a B.A. from Princeton University and a J.D. from Harvard University.

Hon. Arline Pacht, Secretary of the Board and Director - Administrative Law Judge, National Labor Relations Board (ret.). Judge Pacht began her judicial career in 1979 when she was appointed an administrative law judge (ALJ) for the U.S. Department of Labor. Prior to her judicial appointment, she was a public defender in the District of Columbia and a trial attorney in the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare. In 1980 she transferred to the National Labor Relations Board, sitting as an ALJ for the next 17 years. In 1998 she retired from the NLRB to become President and Executive Director of the International Association of Women Judges, which she founded. During her 12 years of leadership with that organization, the membership grew from 850 judges in 15 countries to 4,000 members in 77 countries. Judge Pacht retired as the Director of the IAWJ in 2002, continuing as a member of the Association's Board of Managerial Trustees. She is a graduate of the George Washington University Law School, where she ranked first in her class.

Dr. Kelly Dawn Askin, Director - Senior Legal Officer, International Justice, Open Society Justice Initiative. Dr. Askin formerly served as Executive Director of the International Criminal Justice Institute in Washington, DC. She has been a legal advisor/consultant to Chambers, Registry and Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the Appeals Chamber for the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. She was a Fellow at the Yale Law School and a Fulbright Global Scholar. She has lectured or served as a visiting scholar at Notre Dame Law School, American University's Washington College of Law and Harvard University. She co-lectured a course at the Yale Law School on international courts. Dr. Askin has published four books and numerous law review articles on various aspects of international law, international humanitarian law and international courts and tribunals. In addition to her bachelor's and law degrees, she has a Ph.D. in law from the University of Melbourne in Australia

Gerald J. Mossinghoff Esq., Director - Senior Counsel, Oblon, Spivak, McClelland, Maier, & Neustadt, Arlington, VA. Mr. Mossinghoff is a former Assistant Secretary of Commerce and U.S. Commissioner of Patents and Trademarks. He was U.S. Ambassador to the Diplomatic Conference on the Revision of the Paris Convention and Chairman of the General Assembly of the United Nations World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Before assuming his present position, he was President of the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America. Mr. Mossinghoff was the recipient of the Jefferson Award, the highest honor which can be bestowed upon a lawyer practicing intellectual property law in the United States. He has a B.S. in engineering from St. Louis University and a J.D. degree with honors from the George Washington University Law School, where he was on the editorial staff of the George Washington Law Review and where he currently teaches two advanced seminars on patent law.

Dr. Charlotte Ku, Director - Assistant Dean, Graduate and International Programs, Co-Director, Center on Law and Globalization, University of Illinois College of Law. From 1994 to 2006, Dr. Ku served as Executive Vice-President and Executive Director of the American Society of International Law in Washington, DC. Before joining the staff of the ASIL in 1990, Dr. Ku was Visiting Professor of the Johns Hopkins University Center for International Studies in Nanjing, China and an Assistant Professor of Government and Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia. She has been a legislative assistant in the office of U.S. Senator Alan Cranston and a research assistant in the Office of Legal Affairs of the United Nations. She has written and published extensively on a variety of international law topics and is on the editorial boards of the American Journal of International Law and Global Governance. Dr. Ku received a B.A. magna cum laude from the American University School of International Service and M.A., M.A.L.D. (Master of Arts in Law and Diplomacy), and Ph.D. from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University.

Hon. Paul Magnuson, Director - Senior United States District Judge, District of Minnesota. Judge Magnuson is former Chief Judge of the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota. He is a past Chairman of the International Judicial Relations Committee of the Judicial Conference of the United States, a position he held from 1997 to 2003. He is also past Chairman of the Judicial Conference Committee on the Administration of the Bankruptcy System (1993-1996). He served on the Board of Directors of the Federal Judges Association from 1994 to 2003. He has also been a member of the District Judge Education Advisory Committee for the Federal Judicial Center and the Advisory Board of the Central and Eastern European Law Initiative (CEELI) of the American Bar Association. Judge Magnuson was appointed a United States District Judge in 1981. He has held numerous academic positions and has lectured in many countries around the world. Judge Magnuson received his B.A. from Gustavus Adolphus College in 1959 and his J.D. from William Mitchell College of Law in 1963.

Chief Judge B. Paul Cotter, Director - Chief Administrative Judge, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (ret.), Vice-President, Judiciary Leadership Development Council and Executive Director, Worldwide Judiciary Center. Judge Cotter was the Chief Administrative Judge of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission for 19 years. Previously, he was Chief Judge of the Housing and Urban Development Board of Contract Appeals and a trial lawyer in Washington, DC and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. While Chief Judge of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, he presided over the construction of one of the first fully automated courtrooms in the United States. He has published and lectured in the United States and in other countries on court automation and complex litigation management. He is a past trustee of the American Inns of Court (and was awarded their A. Sherman Christensen Award for his service), a founder and past president of the Prettyman/Leventhal American Inn of Court, a lecturer at the National Judicial College, a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation, and a Life Member of the American Law Institute. He also founded the Worldwide Common Law Judiciary Conference and is a founding Director and Treasurer of the International Organization for Judicial Training. Judge Cotter received his B.A. from Princeton University and his J.D. from the Georgetown University Law Center.

Hon. Thomas P. Jackson, Director - Judge Jackson, now retired, began his legal career engaged in the private practice of law in the District of Columbia, specializing in general civil litigation. He was a line officer in the United States Navy prior to entering law practice. He was appointed U.S. District Judge in 1982, During his tenure as a trial judge, Judge Jackson presided over hundreds of criminal and civil trials. He was Chairman of the Committee on the Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1991 to 1994 and a member of the Advisory Committee on the Federal Judiciary Building from 1986 to 1992. He is a Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers and the American Bar Foundation, and for sixteen years was a Professorial Lecturer in Law at the George Washington University Law School. Judge Jackson received an B.A. from Dartmouth College and an LL.B. from Harvard Law School.

Hon. Joan Zeldon, Director - Associate Judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Judge Zeldon joined the Superior Court in 1990 and has sat in the Family, Criminal and Civil Divisions of the Superior Court. Prior to her judicial appointment, she was a member of the law firm of Proskauer, Rose, Goettz and Mendelsohn, working in the firm's labor department, first in the New York City office and later in Washington, DC. Prior to law practice, Judge Zeldon worked for the Columbia University Legislative Drafting Research Fund and later served as Assistant Corporation Counsel for the City of New York. After her appointment to the bench, she was appointed by the Mayor of Washington, DC to serve as a Commissioner of the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws (NCCUSL). In 2005, she was elected to the NCCUSL Executive Committee. Judge Zeldon receive a B.S. magna cum laude from Smith College, where she was elected to Phi Beta Kappa in her junior year. She attended graduate school at Harvard University and the George Washington University Law School, where she served on the George Washington University Law Review. She received her J.D. from New York University School of Law.

Hon. Roderick R. McKelvie, Director - Partner, Covington & Burling, Washington, DC, former United States District Judge, District of Delaware. From 1992 to 2002, Judge McKelvie served as a United States District Judge for the District of Delaware. During those 10 years, he presided over more than 200 patent infringement cases, including more than 30 patent infringement trials. While on the bench and since his resignation, he has worked to improve the procedures for presenting complex cases to juries, including having developed model jury instructions for patent infringement cases and the Federal Judicial Center's video for jurors, An Introduction to the Patent System. Judge McKelvie has handled intellectual property and commercial matters at the trial and appellate level, having been lead counsel in over 20 jury trials. He is a Professorial Lecturer in Law at the George Washington University Law School, teaching a course in patent infringement litigation. He is a former President of the Giles S. Rich American Inn of Court and the Richard S. Rodney Inn of Court, and a founding member and former President of the Delaware Bankruptcy Inn of Court. He served as co-Chair of the National Academies' Committee on Intellectual Property Rights in Genomic and Protein Related Inventions. He is also currently a member of the intellectual property advisory committees for the University of Maryland School of Law and the United States District Courts for the District of Delaware and the Western District of Pennsylvania. He has been named one of the top intellectual property lawyers in Washington by Washingtonian Magazine and is listed in The Best Lawyers in America, and The International Who's Who of Business Lawyers. He received a B.A. from Harvard College in 1968 and a J.D. from University of Pennsylvania in 1973. He was a law clerk to Judge Caleb R. Layton, III, a judge on the District Court for the District of Delaware.

Hon Mary McGowan Davis, Director - Acting Justice, Supreme Court of the State of New York (ret.). Judge Davis served on the Supreme Court of the State of New York from 1986 until her retirement in 1998. She has been involved in a variety of matters relating to transitional justice and human rights law since her retirement from the bench. Recently, these activities have included mentoring lawyers at the Center for Human Rights and Development in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, under the auspices of the International Senior Lawyers' Project (May-July, 2007), where she worked on issues related to anti-human trafficking and environmental rights and conducted training sessions for judges. She also conducted trainings for judges and prosecutors in Mongolia in 2008 in conjunction with The Asia Foundation's Trafficking in Persons Initiative. She traveled to Iraqi Kurdistan in December, 2007 to join in training sessions for judges and women's rights activists on international and constitutional law organized by the Global Justice Center, which followed up on earlier trainings in 2006 for the judges of the Iraq High Tribunal on gender justice and international law. For much of 2004-2005, Judge Davis worked in Afghanistan's first full-service public defender office, where she mentored Afghan lawyers representing detainees in the local prisons and endeavored to hone their analytical and trial advocacy skills. Additionally, she has been a frequent visitor to the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (2000-7) and the International Criminal Court (2008-9), as a consultant and as a participant in trial advocacy training programs for prosecutors and judges. Judge Davis maintained an association with Legal Momentum - Advancing Women's Rights (formerly the NOW Legal Defense & Education Fund) as a Senior Visiting Attorney in the New York office, working on issues related to gender-based violence from 1999 until her move to Paris in 2006. Judge Davis has twenty-five years experience in the criminal justice arena in New York City, most recently as a trial judge trying felony cases in Manhattan's busy Supreme Court. Before her appointment to the bench in 1986, she worked as a Staff Attorney at the Criminal Appeals Bureau of the Legal Aid Society (1974-7) and spent eight years as an Assistant U. S. Attorney in the Eastern District of New York (1978-86). A graduate of Wellesley College (1967), Judge Davis was a Peace Corps volunteer in Senegal before obtaining M. A. (1970) and J. D. degrees (1974) from Columbia University. She recently joined the International and Comparative Law Programs Advisory Board of the Vermont Law School and is a member of the Advisory Council of the War Crimes Research Office of the Washington College of Law.

Hon. Marvin J. Garbis, Director - United States District Judge, District of Maryland. Judge Garbis has sat on the District Court in Baltimore since 1989. He is a graduate of Johns Hopkins University with a degree in electrical engineering. He received a J.D. from the Harvard University Law School and an LL.M. in litigation from the Georgetown University Law School. Judge Garbis was a public defender in Washington, DC, a trial attorney with the Tax Division of the Justice Department Tax Division, and a private practitioner engaged in criminal and civil trials throughout the United States. He is the author of six books and many articles relating to litigation, particularly in the tax and commercial criminal fields. Judge Garbis is a frequent speaker at legal and judicial education programs in the United States and other countries. He is co-chair of the American Law Institute - American Bar Association course on the Trial of Patent Cases. As a judge he has participated on the faculty of international judicial programs in many countries, including Algeria, Argentina, Australia, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Egypt, Guatemala, Mexico, Moldova, Oman, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Ukraine.

Hon. Stephanie Duncan-Peters, Director - Associate Judge, Superior Court of the District of Columbia. Judge Duncan-Peters was appointed to the Superior Court of the District of Columbia in 1992 by President George H.W. Bush. In 2007, her appointment was extended for another fifteen-year term. She is currently the Presiding Judge of the Civil Division, having also served in the Criminal and Family Divisions. At the court, she has been a member of the Judicial Education Committee and the Criminal Rules Advisory Committee and currently serves on the Standing Committee on Fairness and Access to the Courts. Prior to being appointed to the Superior Court, Judge Duncan-Peters was a trial attorney with the Public Integrity Section in the Criminal Division of the U.S. Department of Justice (1985-1989), responsible for handling federal grand jury investigations, trials, and appeals throughout the United States in cases involving the alleged corruption of public officials. From 1989 until 1992, she litigated personal injury cases on behalf of plaintiffs for the law firm then known as Chaikin & Karp, P.C. Judge Duncan-Peters received her B.A. from Muhlenberg College in 1974 and her J.D. from Catholic University in 1977. At Catholic University, she was the chancellor of the Moot Court Board, a member of the law review, and the winner of two appellate advocacy competitions. Following graduation from law school, she clerked for the Honorable Stanley S. Harris, who was then an Associate Judge on the District of Columbia Court of Appeals. She worked at the Public Defender Service for the District of Columbia from 1978 until 1985, serving as Deputy Chief of Felony Trials from 1982 until 1985. Judge Duncan-Peters taught criminal trial practice at Catholic University's Law School (1984-1990) and was an instructor at the Harvard Law School Trial Advocacy Workshop, the National Institute for Trial Advocacy, the Criminal Practice Institute, and the Attorney General's Advocacy Institute. From 2000 to 2002, Judge Duncan-Peters served on the Board of the Directors of the Bar Association of the District of Columbia, where she received the Presidents Special Recognition Award. In 2000, Judge Duncan-Peters was recognized by the Family Law Section of the District of Columbia Bar for her outstanding performance in adjudicating and mediating domestic relations cases. In 2005, she received the Hellenic Heritage National Public Service Award. In 2006, the Bar Association of the District of Columbia selected her as its Judicial Honoree.

Hon. Linda K.M. Ludgate, Director - Commonwealth of Pennsylvania State Trial Judge, Court of Common Pleas, 23rd Judicial District.  Judge Ludgate was first elected to the Court of Common Pleas in November 1989 for her initial 10-year term.  She was retained in both 1999 and 2009.  Judge Ludgate has sat on the Criminal Court since 1990, and she served on the Family Court from 1990-1992.  She has been the Administrative Judge of the Criminal Division for some years.  Judge Ludgate received her B.A., magna cum laude, from Alvernia University in 1977 and her J.D. from the Beasley School of Law of Temple University in 1980.  While at Temple, she was the recipient of the Barristers Award for Outstanding Trial Advocacy.  She is a member of the Pennsylvania and Berks County Bar Associations and a founding member of the Justice William Strong American Inn of Court.  In 2008, the Governor of Pennsylvania nominated Judge Ludgate to be a member of his Advisory Board to Probation and Parole, and she was approved by the Pennsylvania Senate for a four-year term.  That same year, the Chief Justice of Pennsylvania, Ron Castille, appointed her to the Pennsylvania Sentencing Commission.  She was re-appointed in 2010.  She had been a member of the Advisory Committee to the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing regarding mandatory sentences (2007-2009).  Judge Ludgate is actively involved in the National and International Associations of Women Judges.   She received the Presidents Award from the Pennsylvania Association of State Trial Judges for her implementation of the "Meet Your Judges" Programs in the state in 1992.  Judge Ludgate has received numerous community awards including being named Trustee Emerita by Alvernia Univesity in 2007.  In 2010 she was the Pennsylvania Bar Association’s Anne X. Alpern Award recipient, for outstanding contributions to the profession and to women in the profession.

Hon. James R. Zazzali, Director - Of Counsel (Business & Commercial Litigation), Gibbons, P.C., Newark, NJ, Chief Justice, New Jersey Supreme Court (ret.). Justice Zazzali is currently Of Counsel (Business & Commercial Litigation) at Gibbons P.C. in Newark, New Jersey. Prior to joining Gibbons, he served as an associate justice on the New Jersey Supreme Court from June, 2000 until October, 2006 and as Chief Justice from October, 2006 until his retirement in June, 2007. Prior to his service on the bench, Justice Zazzali served as: New Jersey Attorney General (1981-1982); General Counsel to the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority (1974-1982); and Chairman of the New Jersey State Commission of Investigation (1989-1993). Justice Zazzali received his B.S. from Georgetown College in 1958 and his J.D. from Georgetown Law Center in 1962. He is admitted to the New Jersey, New York and District of Columbia bars. He served his clerkship with the Honorable Lawrence A. Whipple. From 1965-1968 he worked in the Office of the Essex County Prosecutor, serving as Chief of the Appeals Division from 1967-1968. Justice Zazzali is a former Adjunct Professor at Seton Hall Law School, where he taught mediation and arbitration from 1984-2000. He was appointed by the U.S. District Court as Special Master responsible for investigating, reporting on and assisting in the reform of the jails in Essex, Monmouth and Bergen Counties from 1982-1992. At the request of the U.S. State Department he served as a member of the United States delegates at various United Nations Conferences in Geneva (2000) and Paris (1999). In addition, Justice Zazzali is a former Associate Editor of the New Jersey Law Journal, and a contributor to various magazines, newspapers and law journals. He received The Dean Paul Award from Georgetown University Law Center in 2000 and The John Carroll Award from Georgetown University in 2004.

Hon. Leslie M. Alden, Director - Circuit Court Judge, 19th Judicial Circuit of Virginia, Fairfax County. Judge Leslie M. Alden has been a trial judge in Fairfax County, Virginia since 1995. She serves as the liaison between the Fairfax Circuit Court and the Court Services Division of the District Court. Judge Alden presently serves as President of the International Association of Women Judges (IAWJ). She previously served as chair of the IAWJ Board of Managerial Trustees for six years where she is still a member. For five years, Judge Alden served as the International Director for the US National Association of Women Judges. Judge Alden has delivered a judicial perspective about the importance of the rule of law and the observance of human rights principles in courts by speaking to legal groups in Nigeria, Cuba, Chile, South Africa, Italy, Russia, Turkey, Jordan, Hungary, Brazil, India and South Korea. She serves as a Corresponding Editor for International Legal Materials, a publication of The American Society of International Law, and is a member of the Editorial Review Board for the Advanced Management Journal, the publication of the Society for the Advancement of Management. Judge Alden earned her J.D. in 1983 from George Mason University School of Law, where she has been an Adjunct Professor of Law. In addition, she earned her B.S. (Business Administration) in 1978 from George Mason University. In 2001, Judge Alden completed the Economics Institute for State Judges presented by the Law and Organizational Economics Center. Judge Alden is active in the Fairfax Bar Association, and serves on the International Outreach and Bias in Judicial Selection and Evaluation Committees of the National Association of Women Judges.

Hon. Nancy V. Alquist, Director - United States Bankruptcy Judge, District of Maryland.  Judge Alquist was appointed as bankruptcy judge for the District of Maryland in 2004.  She is a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the Temple University School of Law.  Prior to joining the bench, Judge Alquist practiced law in Philadelphia, Chicago and Baltimore/Washington.  She began her career in the litigation department of Philadelphia’s Clark, Ladner, Fortenbaugh & Young. She was a partner of Winston & Strawn in Chicago, and of Ballard Spahr Andrews & Ingersoll in its Baltimore/Washington DC office.  She practiced in federal courts throughout the United States.  Judge Alquist has served on the Board of the Maryland Chapter of the Federal Bar Association and is a former President of the Bankruptcy Bar Association for the District of Maryland.  She is a member of the Judicial Division of the American Bar Association, a Fellow of the American Bar Foundation, and a member of the American Bankruptcy Institute.  She is the author of numerous articles and has lectured extensively.  Prior to joining the bench, she was listed in The Best Lawyers in America.  Judge Alquist has been twice named by The (Baltimore) Daily Record as one of Maryland’s Top 100 Women.  Since being appointed to the bench, Judge Alquist has had a special interest in international matters, and has participated in numerous international judicial education and technical support programs.  She was part of the U.S. State Department-sponsored judicial capacity building program for Algerian judges in Oran, Alergia.  Under auspices of the U.S. Commerce Department, she led a delegation (all women) to Doha, Qatar to conduct a seminar for Qatari judges (in the first such program in that country).  Also with the U.S. Commerce Department, she traveled to Manama, Bahrain to present a technical program for Bahraini judges.  Judge Alquist participates in Open World Rule of Law orientation programs for Russian judges in the District of Columbia, and has presented bankruptcy law seminars to members of the Arbitrazh Court.  She has been part of the colloquium on Rule of Law in the Russian Federation presented by the Federal Judicial Center and the Russian think tank INDEM.  She assisted in hosting the visits of Saudi Arabian and Bahraini judicial delegations to the District of Maryland.  The judges observed a trial and participated in seminars on federal procedure and case administration.  Judge Alquist was a member of the U.S. judicial delegation to the Second Circuit Judicial Council’s Bankrupty Study Tour for Judges from the Supreme People’s Court of the People’s Republic of China. Judge Alquist is a member of the National Conference of Bankruptcy Judges and is Vice Chair of its International Judicial Relations Committee.  She is a member of the International Women’s Insolvency and Restructuring Confederation (IWIRC).